I. Portugal
A. First
European Sea Power
1. Consolidated
as Nation-State c. 1300
2. Prince
Henry “the Navigatorâ€
a. Founded
School of Navigation
3. Explored
along African Coast
a. Bartholomew
Diaz - Cape of Good Hope (1487/88)
b. Vasco
de Gama - Reached India in 1499
II. Spain
A. Competed
with Portugal
1. Treaty
of Alcasovas (1479)
a. Gave
Portugal exclusive rights to Africa
B. Conquest
of Granada (1492)
C. Columbian
Voyages
1. Columbus
a. Genoese
Navigator
b. Posited
direct route to Asia by sailing west
2. 1st
- 3 August 1492
D. World
Divided between Spain and Portugal
1. Line
of Demarcation (1493)
a. Gave
the Americas to Spain
2. Treaty
of Tordesillas (1494)
a. Moved
the line west
b. Portugal
now has Brazil
III. Spanish Colonization
A. Main
Points of Colonization
1. Gold
2. Glory
3. God
B. Use
of Indian Labor
1. Slavery
- only under certain circumstances
2. Encomienda
- Fiefdom for Spanish colonists. Allowed them to use Indian labor
3. Repartimiento
C. Conquest
of Mexico (1517)
1. Conquest
due to unusual and fortuitous (for the Spanish) circumstances
2. Elimination
of upper rungs of Aztec social ladder.
| Henry the Navigator | Reconquest of Spain | Christopher Columbus |
| Line of Demarcation | Treaty of Tordesillas | sugar cane |
| Hernan Cortez | Montezuma | Francisco Pizarro |
| encomienda | Bartolome de las Casas | Columbian Exchange |
| conquistador | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado |
1. Discuss the exploration and colonization of the Americas by Spain. Why did the Spanish explore? What did they do when they encountered the Americas?
2. Describe and analyze the consequences of the Columbian Exchange.